ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives The presence of thyroglobulin (Tg) in needle washouts of fine needle aspiration biopsy (Tg-FNAB) in neck lymph nodes (LNs) suspected of metastasis has become a cornerstone in the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there are limited data regarding the measurement of anti-Tg antibodies in these washouts (TgAb-FNAB), and it is not clear whether these antibodies interfere with the assessment of Tg-FNAB or whether there are other factors that would more consistently justify the finding of low Tg-FNAB in metastatic LNs. Materials and methods We investigated 232 FNAB samples obtained from suspicious neck LNs of 144 PTC patients. These samples were divided according to the patient’s serum TgAb status: sTgAb- (n = 203 samples) and sTgAb+ (n = 29). The TgAb-FNAB levels were measured using two different assays. Tg-FNAB was also measured using two assays when low levels (< 10 ng/mL) were identified in the first assay of the metastatic LNs from the sTgAb+ samples. Results The TgAb-FNAB results were negative in both assays in all samples. Low levels of Tg-FNAB were identified in 11/16 of the metastatic LNs of the sTgAb+ patients and 16/63 of the sTgAb- patients (p < 0.05) using assay 1. The measurement of the Tg-FNAB levels using assay 2 indicated additional metastases in 5 LNs of the sTgAb+ patients. Conclusions Factors other than the presence of TgAb-FNAB may contribute to the higher number of metastatic LNs with undetectable Tg-FNAB in the sTgAb+ group. In addition, the measurement of Tg-FNAB using different assays was useful to enhance the diagnosis of metastatic LNs, particularly when cytological and Tg-FNAB results are discordant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Autoantibodies/blood , Thyroglobulin/blood , Thyroid Neoplasms/blood , Carcinoma/blood , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Reference Values , Carcinoma/immunology , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary , Fluoroimmunoassay/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/instrumentation , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis/immunology , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , NeckABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, data published stressed the role of highly-sensitive thyroglobulin (Tg) assays in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. The present study describes a new, highly-sensitive Tg assay, compares it with an available commercial assay, and validates it in the follow-up of DTC patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The immunofluorometric high-sensitivity Tg assay is based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies produced at our laboratories. It was validated in 100 samples of 87 patients with DTC submitted to total thyroidectomy, 87% of whom also received radioiodine. For correlation, all samples were also tested using a commercial Tg assay (Beckman Access) with functional sensitivity (FS) of 0.1 ng/mL. RESULTS: The new method showed FS of 0.3 ng/mL. The correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.74; p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity was 88.9%, and it was increased to 100% when combined with neck US. CONCLUSION: This new, high-sensitivity Tg assay presented a good correlation with Beckman Access assay and with the clinical outcome of the patients. The continuous availability of a validated assay is an additional advantage for long term follow-up of DTC patients. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):658-65.
OBJETIVO: Na última década, estudos mostraram a importância dos ensaios de tiroglobulina (Tg) com melhor sensibilidade funcional no seguimento dos pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tiroide (CDT). Neste estudo, descrevemos o desenvolvimento de um novo ensaio de Tg de alta sensibilidade, que foi validado no seguimento de pacientes com CDT e correlacionado com um ensaio comercialmente disponível. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O ensaio imunofluorométrico de Tg baseia-se em anticorpos, um monoclonal e um policlonal desenvolvidos em nosso laboratório. Avaliamos 100 amostras de soro de 87 pacientes com CDT submetidos à tiroidectomia total, sendo que 87% deles também receberam 131I. A Tg foi dosada também em ensaio comercial (Beckman Access). RESULTADOS: A correlação entre os dois métodos foi de 0,74 (p < 0,0001). O novo ensaio mostrou uma sensibilidade funcional de 0,3 ng/mL. A sensibilidade diagnóstica foi de 88,9%, que aumentou para 100% quando associada ao ultrassom cervical (US). CONCLUSÃO: O novo método de dosagem de Tg mostra boa correlação com o ensaio comercial Beckman Access e com a evolução clínica dos pacientes. O novo ensaio será fundamental no seguimento dos nossos pacientes com CDT. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):658-65.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Rabbits , Young Adult , Fluoroimmunoassay/standards , Thyroglobulin/blood , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Fluoroimmunoassay/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Com a introdução da ultra-sonografia cervical (USC) no seguimento dos pacientes com carcinoma papilífero de tiróide (CPT), tornou-se freqüente o encontro de pequenos linfonodos (LNs) cervicais. Porém, apesar de a USC apresentar alta sensibilidade, o estudo citológico obtido por punção aspirativa (PAAF) e, nos últimos anos, a dosagem da tiroglobulina (Tg) no lavado da agulha da PAAF (Tg-PAAF) vêm assumindo papel importante no diagnóstico de LNs cervicais. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a acurácia da combinação da USC, citologia e Tg-PAAF em LNs suspeitos. Estudamos 32 pacientes que apresentavam 44 LNs à USC, classificados como "inflamatórios" (19) ou "suspeitos" (25). Dos 25 LNs suspeitos, 15 apresentavam Tg-PAAF elevada (13 com citologia compatível com metástases e 2 com citologia não-diagnóstica). Esses 15 LNs (11 pacientes) foram confirmados como metástase de CP pelo exame histopatológico. Os 19 LNs "inflamatórios" e os 10/25 LNs "suspeitos" apresentaram citologia negativa e Tg-PAAF indetectável. Concluímos que a USC apresenta alta sensibilidade na detecção de linfonodos cervicais, porém citologia e dosagem de Tg-PAAF são fundamentais para o diagnóstico. A associação USC, citologia e Tg-PAAF pode ser considerada a abordagem mais sensível e específica na detecção de LNs metastáticos em pacientes com CPT.
The widespread use of neck ultrasonography (US) during the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has led to the discovery of small cervical lymph nodes (LN). Although US has a high sensitivity for diagnosing LN, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and measurement of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates (FNA-Tg) have proven to be invaluable tools. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the combined use of neck US, FNA biopsy and FNA-Tg for diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes. We have studied 32 patients with 44 LN detected by US, 19 classified as inflammatory and 25 as suspicious. 15 of those 25 suspicious LN had high FNA-Tg (13 of the 15 had positive cytology and 2 indeterminate). All of these 15 LN (11 patients) were proven to be PTC metastasis by histopathology. All 19 inflammatory LN and those 10/25 suspicious LN, had cytology negative for malignancy and undetectable FNA-Tg. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy and FNA-Tg combined with neck US are essential for detecting positive cervical lymph nodes due to its high sensitivity and specificity and it should be considered the standard for investigating locally recurrent disease in patients with PTC.